The antimicrobial properties of copper have been recognized for centuries1. Peer-reviewed studies first documented copper’s antifungal, antiviral, and antibacterial properties in 1930, 1958, and 1970, respectively2. The effectiveness of copper surfaces in reducing nosocomial infections was initially published in 19833. In 2008 and 2012, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) acknowledged copper alloys and copper oxide-impregnated surfaces, respectively, as effective antimicrobial agents capable of killing over 99.9% of bacteria within two hours. These surfaces maintain their antimicrobial efficacy even after repeated bacterial recolonization and between routine cleaning activities4.
Textiles, particularly reusable medical textiles that are in close contact with patients for extended periods of time, can significantly contribute to bacterial, fungal and viral nosocomial infections5. It has been established that indirect cross-contamination through microorganisms, including viruses that remain infectious on soft and hard surfaces, plays a role in nosocomial infections6.
The production of antimicrobial copper-impregnated textiles was first reported in 20047 , and their potential use as tools in combating hospital-acquired infections in both developed and developing countries was proposed8.
Numerous studies have demonstrated the potent biocidal efficacy of copper oxide-impregnated textiles9. Their antimicrobial effectiveness persists even after 100 commercial washes10, ensuring sustained antimicrobial activity. The high safety profile of cuprous oxide-impregnated medical and consumer products, such as adult diapers and antimicrobial wound dressings, has been validated through extensive research11. Importantly, the capacity of copper oxide-impregnated medical textiles to reduce hospital infections was demonstrated in several clinical trials12.
Cuprous oxide-impregnated woven medical textiles, including sheets, patient gowns, blankets, and towels, have been used in over 25 medical settings in the USA for more than a decade, covering over 8 million patient days without any reported adverse effects.
